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While listening to Batra's Burning Questions is always informative, today's discussion elicits despair. The contrast between Jason Kenney's reign and the Liberal's current minister of immigration, Lisa Diab, could not be more stark. She is incompetent and Canada has a hopeless, no-win, unfair, expensive and potentially dangerous immigrant and refugee system. And, apparently, the country is FULL of racists. We're idiots led by sanctimonious idiots.

well, Canadians will wait eighteen hours in a waiting room with pleasure and not raise the issue because they are afraid of being called mean names. Is that what you are saying? Therefore, if that were the case the health, and safety of Canadians is in question because no one wants to see reality. Canada cannot save the world when the boat is sinking at home. Sad state of affairs and no one wants to address the dangers at home.

But Sikhs in Canada called as Khalisthanis are little danger ...but they are danger to Indian's only mainly it seems.....Indian Sikhs are good but canada Khalisthanis are not good

New to Canada, poor drivers, great people. The new to Canada driving on the 401 is lethal. This is very upsetting, very dangerous.

Yes I have found that Indian people here in the Fraser Valley BC are pleasant and friendly at Tim Hortons. However, it's strange that only Indians work at Tim's shouldn't there be a mix of cultures? Unfortunately however, quite a few In dian folks have shared drivers licenses ! Truckers too. That's dangerous. As well some have tried to get In surance money by causing " "accidents" and claimed to be injured. So In dians are definitely good at lying and cheating etc. I find that large statue atrocious and UGLY and does not belong in Canada. Too big and ugly too

I have no problem with people coming here to Canada from different Countries, but I think they should at least take up our way of culture and language erc. They can speak their language amongst themselves and enjoy their culture at home. The guy with the bike is disgusting with his comments about people from Africa. A few bad people don't describe an entire race. One of the dumbest things a person can do is bring a weapon with them unless they are trained on how to use it. Meeting a human smuggler is dangerous and stupid.

canada is getting very close to having more than half of their newborns be first-generation immigrants from india. in a couple short generations, it will be impossible for canadians to win any sort of election, vote, nomination, poll, etc etc. these people and their beliefs do not work in western society. they want to overrun the population (with religion as an excuse) so they can take control and begin dismantling western culture. soon all of canadas laws and protections will defend the invasions and open their boarders wide open. western society and it's values are in grave danger. they're going to use our system against us. its happening right in front of your eyes. time to wake up. these people aren't coming to canada and the states in search of a better life or the american dream. they do not want to assimilate and they refuse our values. they are here because they want their own country, and they're very close to having it. these people were chanting DEATH TO THE WEST, DEATH TO AMERICA the day they flew over.

I’m from a rural northern Alberta town with a population of less than 3000 people and the Indian demographic has probably doubled our population. The immigration of primarily Indian “temporary” immigrants is not isolated to western Canada or to large cities. Most are here on student visas but are also somehow business owners / owner operators and have since invited large families to relocate here. It has complete changed the culture of the town. Also, Alberta has one major highway from north to south and the amount of semi truck crashes along our highway and dangerous goods routes have probably quadrupled. :(

Canada has lost itself allowing all this mass immigration to happen. I can assure you that there are millions of expired visas and fraudulent visas that the government claims to be checking on...but canadians know that's a lie. So many don't want to learn english, assimilate to Canadian cultures and their entitlement is next level. They think they are above the law. If they love their culture so much and don't want to change...don't come to a better country like Canada just to make our country shit. The first guy speaking truth, even knows it's too much and out of control. And I can assure you all these so called doctors and engineers and so forth aren't the majority of immigrants coming in - being an amazon driver, working at Tim's or a gas station isn't a special skill set. And the smuggler guy - yeah those are exactly the type of people we want in our countries...they are shady, dangerous and break law as like it's a proper day job.

I’m from Canada and I literally can’t stand the amount of them here and they are dangerous. I was friends with Indians who grew up here and even them and their families said they don’t want the Indians coming here , the “village” ones that are dirty

So essentially 3 tiers of Indian come(Hamiltonian here who worked in the GTA for awhile) They got pumped in and don't like eachother and look down at the lower tiers ones. They won't even hire other Indians anymore since they have the options of only their type. They erased several industries at this point, most small business are forgien owned, Indian or middle eastern. They can't drive (just google India driving) theirs a couple feet of snow and they just floor it around sliding through intersections while playing candy crush or what ever Every business that is fast food place is almost exclusively Indian to the point the "white point game" isn't even playable. They buy up insane amounts of properties because they bring thier entire family on different visas and many just stay till they get deported as they bring that money home with them. Every student housing is filled with Indians, every one bedroom has 30 of them living in it. Most starter homes where cheap so they bought them to flip with thier combined money. Security sector is filled with them exclusively because it's the highest amount of money they can make here without any skills .(Most are 0 skilled). Schools all had to cut staff in half because when we cut funding and spots for people coming to our universitys they lost half thier income. Crime rate went way up. My city is really bad for human trafficking and aex trafficking. Many come to our city since it's far enough away to commit crimes. Many get 0 consequences because again.. Illegally overstaying a visa is deportation. Doug Ford literally gave everyone 200$ before an election...like how corrupt and garbage is this country. Now we have Indian only business that can't speak English, similar to the daycare issue. Job postings for specific races or language s only. Mind you everything just stated is also being done by the Arabs and Somalis and Nigerians. Many of these people coming here are "escaping dangerous situations" Wich means criminals who want to start again. Somehow these people with 0 resources have the money to buy million dollar properties 😂 Also don't forget, it's a hate crime to say or do many things about this and could land you in jail or worse. Much of Canada are college towns and those idiot kids want more

Thank you Tyler Oliveira for saving The White Race. 🙂 Indians are very dangerous in Canada. 😰

Doesn't even scratch the surface. West Canada has become super dangerous and temporary foreign worker program has scammed tax payers worse then Minnesota

12:48 Funny thing: It is illegal in Canada to bring a weapon to a meeting "in case of". The reason is "well, if you thought it could be dangerous, why'd you go?" ..

In the US in 2025, ICE has deported half a million who are not in the US legally, and an estimated additional 1.5 million have self-deported, in some cases with government financial incentives. So 50k deportations might represent a comparably active effort for Canada, and 18k might be creditable for a Liberal government. But the effort sounds rather bureaucratic, and focused only on rejected refugee applications. I would want to know how many of these "deportations" are entirely on paper -- "your application has been rejected, please let yourself out at your earliest convenience." They spent roughly $5k per deportee, and that would cover air fare if the deportations were done privately, but adjudication costs money, and governments find many ways to make everything much more expensive. Also, if refugee claims can be judged false or inadequate, where are the efforts to determine whether "students" are really students? By the same token, the world is a dangerous place. I figure all those living in any of the many violent inner-city neighborhoods in the US have reason to fear for their lives. Similar facts are true of many millions around the world, and most of them would be rejected by Canadian immigration because they'd be safe if they simply moved to places they can't afford.

It’s crazy to me that it’s even being allowed to welcome even more immigrants. Our healthcare, housing etc is stretched so thin it’s dangerous. Try getting a Dr if yours retires! They need to send more back to perhaps other countries that will accept them. That alone will save Canada money.

Canada is a dangerous country now for money laundering and terrorist activity.

When government leaders focus on population and economic growth that's usually is a sign that they aren't balancing the budget correctly. They're trying to increase tax revenue without increasing taxes. I'd look closer at government corruption. Overpopulation destroys the environment. Canada is one of the few places on earth that still has an environment. Russia and Australia are the other ones. Russia's strategy is to look sort of like an ogre and it's too cold. Australia's strategy is to look like they harbor too many dangerous animals and the land is too arid. Canada's strategy is to keep higher taxes than the USA and it's too cold. People tend to gravitate toward lower tax and warmer places. Fewer people is better, it doesn't matter what their race is. I did notice the Indians he talked to were patriotic to their adoptive country, that's a good sign. Host nations like when the new people assimilate.

Zionist belive in Goyem ideology, Brahmins and hindu hindian sects come from Jewish blood 🩸line, one belives they are superior rest of the humans are animals, when they moved to india theh adopted pagan ideology witn extreme castiesm Thats why theh both control the most of the place, Because castiesm is one of tge dangerous ideology world didn't experience except hindu 🕉️ hindians As they are every parts of the world now people realise and see its effects and though not surprising for good few 🇮🇳s, it has destroyed community, spread hatred, thats the ideology these RSS wants , casteism brings extreme selfishness, corruption and its affects are seen all around the world , in canada🇨🇦 Do anything for money why care about others, no rules, upper caste are chosen by God, most hindu hindian follow these and even if they are not from upper caste. Extreme pride, attitude, show off, tired of it sick🤢🤢🤢🤢🤢 sickening

The most dangerous part is that many of them are working as nurses now. I am a nurse and have been training these people from India. To be honest, it is very a hard and frustrating process cos I have to teach them even the most basic skills like taking a blood pressure or covid swab cos they know nothing. Hospitals are hiring them because they believe their “ lmany” years of nursing experience in India. Then I found out that in their country, nursing is only 3 years compared to 4 years in Canada and they do not require a nursing license to work as nurses in India. They come here, go to review centres to pass the licensure exam. And the College of nurses of Ontario allow this! Nursing is stressful enough and we do not have time to teach English and basis nursing. There are still many Canadian nurses I know looking for a job but they don’t even get an invite for an interview because even the HR department are Indians. Seriously, these people need to get investigated.

Fun how Canada if against these fraudes 79k person But when Lebanon decided to kick the 2.5Millions Syrians in Lebanon 4.5 M lebanese who. Has no papers only 300k have legal papers no rights and even confirmed by the UNHCR , and that we have no data for their criminal record and they create lot of crimes and when its in their advantage all one them goes for holidays in Syria " while its supposed to be dangerous" Canada opposed on returning them . Hahah stupid government I think I will support these fraudulent indian lol * nah I dont support them * but you need to be fair , you dont wanna take those Syrians no country wanted them and you dont want Lebanon to return them

IT IS URGENT THAT THE GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATE ALL THOSE MAFIA CITIZENS WHO ENTERED CANADA AS STUDENTS FROM INDIA WITH FALSE INFORMATION. IT IS DEFINITELY A GREAT DANGER FOR CANADA SINCE THEY ARE MAFIA PEOPLE,AND THANKS TO THE MAFIA LIBERAL PARTY THAT OPENED THE DOORS FOR THEM.

As a Indian I feel it's not good thing Canada belongs to local canadians not immigrants who migrated years ago this is how invasion looks like if not stopped this people will keep increasing some of this people even take double status from India and Canada giving them political rights is most dangerous hope your Canadian government wakes up from deep sleep

Hard truth. White people became spoiled with their lives. So many would rather live and burn through their desires in their youth than bother with getting married and having children. The drugged and homeless are generally not immigrants but white Canadians, why? Brown families revere family, communal bonds, and dedication/loyal to kin. Will work hard, will be resourceful and they will network very efficiently amongst themselves, whereas Tim, Doug, and Mike from Canada want to drink, frolic, live out their s3xual desires and the few children born to such people end up like these or worse. Short answer, Canada needs taxpayers, Canadians need to have large families again and start having children, which also means taking marriage seriously again and perhaps becoming more religious. The decay of the western man is primarily due to the vices of feminism and liberalism which are horrible and dangerous ideologies, coupled with corrupt politicians and economic turmoil and atheistic mindset. The governments need workers, taxpayers etc and white Canadains are drowing in privledge

Um so tired of going to a store all immigrants working. Make a phone call it's answered by an immigrant. You can't understand them . I love on ccpd I don't get old age pension yet. I'm too old to get the child tax credit and I'm on a Canada pension disability. I get 713.00 a min to live on. Period. That's it. 😢😢😢 I struggle every day. I live in a seniors housing complex..so my rent is adjusted to fit my income. Thank God for housing I'd be homeless if it wasn't for them. 😢😢 But the immigrants have money. Have jobs. Drive new cars. Get free rent for a year. I waited 9.5 hours at the emergency😢😢 not the Indians they have Indian drs that work there for them. How in the hell is this ok. I ended up leaving the emergency I couldn't wait any longer. I sat there in pain all that time and two Indian families came in during that time and within 20 min at the most they were in and out. They even have an advertisement in the emergency room in their language with all the Indian drs working there. Wtf is going on. I'm tired of seeing these people. They are opening businesses here. Everything you see now is written in English, French and Indian. They call it our third language now. There are building going up that have only immigrants in them. A d I live in a small town but the city. Come on. They stopped saying the Lord's prayer in schools. They can't say Merry Christmas. Christmas concerts are called Holliday concerts now. Our kids don't know the national a them they stopped that. They don't know the Lord's prayer they stopped that. The schools are changed to not make other nationalities feel bad. They get their Holliday's off and our Holliday's off..why? We don't get their off. Yeah I'm just a plain white person who lived in Canada all my life. 64 years. I've never seen this in my days. Never. Everything is destroyed. This feels like India 😢😢😢. We have to stop this. They need to leave. They are not here because of war or danger for their lives. They are here to take the jobs, take over our culture and country. Now we have to be careful what we say or were called racist. I'm white I lived in the hood all my life. With black people. I have alot of black friends even family but this is so damn reducilous. Who are they a d why are they here. Canada doesn't take care of us any more. Or help us people who need it. We are homeless in the streets you don't see Indians homeless, hell no. So Carney step up a x fix what Trudeau ruined. Please. This is not the country I'm used to it's India. Not Canada. I have friends from Ukraine. Now they are brought here because of the war. I get it. But they have their own immigration dr. And they've been here 2.5 years if that and bought their own home a year ago. How is this possible? The first year Canada paid their rent for a year. I live on 713.00 a month. He's a month. I live in seniors housing. I can't get enough to live on. I struggle every day😢😢😢 no one will help me. I'm alone and have nothing while Canada is supporting these immigrants and saying to hell with you if your Canadian . Yes I said it. How can someone live in what I get a month. I don't get anything else and like I said if it wasn't for housing I'd be in the street while Canada brings over immigrants from India that are not here because of war. Just to make more money to send home and take everything from us. They are laughing at us everyone is. Wake up people. We are the minority in our own country😢😢😢😢😢 I'm so done

Because they are turning canada in to a dangerous miserable 3rd word shit hole

Canada is in danger of being overtaken by islam and other freeloaders! WAKE UP!

Most of are Europeans and they still follow European culture, religion & lifestyle. Same Racism, hatred, violence, alcoholism, drugs, indecent clothes & behavior in public, they are on big government, army, political posts, same exploitation like they were doing at time of colonial times. They looks modern but no change in their mentality & ideology. Even today they can’t tolerate different skin colors, cultures, religions etc. this should be changed. Racism & hatred is going out of control in Canada. Canadian government should take step against it. Right now Canada became world’s most dangerous country for immigrants & ‘non European’ people. It should be changed.

14:25 The fellow speaking here says the government isn't being honest about how the country is changing. That's simply not true: the goverment has acknowledged the problem, and that immigration has happened too fast. To make matters worse, this fellow then makes a dishonest claim himself. The 817,000 arrivals during the first three months of 2025, that he claims is not immigration, but a population bomb. He's not telling you that this figure is not reflective of people seeking to remain in Canada permanently. The figure includes student visas, work permit holders including work permit extensions: many of these people will benefit Canada and then go back to their countries. If you look at the FAR more relevant figures for actual population growth, they show that the population will grow MUCH more slowly in 2025 than it did in 2024. I'm disappointed that the person who made this video did not see fit to provide real context to all this anti-immigrant sentiment. Inflating the problem is dangerous. The economic hurt is real, but throwing into the mix completely misleading figures about how fast the population is growing only serves to weaponize the pain being felt from the economy, against immigrants. We can't have a lucid conversation about the problem and the solutions, if the medium is this non-existent standard for fact-checking. Channel owner, please do better.

Creepy corrupt Carney has a God savior complex that will destroy Canada totally. The most dangerous man in Canada now. A dictator and communist. Recall in book Values, his biggest hero is Karl Marx the father of communism.

Good the more immigrants that leave the better it will be for Canada they come here for a better life for safety for this for that they're all set up by the government giving houses cars don't have to worry about nothing it's all provided for them through the taxpayers money well the real Canadians are living out on the streets and eating out of garbage bins I don't have a bed or a roof over their heads due to the immigrants coming into our country then they come into our country in protest terrorist actions destroy our buildings are statues our churches block our streets hospitals shopping malls an etcetera they disrespect our rules and regulations and think they can voice their opinion on everything and get away with it they come here most of them with a green card as a visitor from another land overseas and yes they think they're a real Canadian but never contribute never done nothing for the country but just take from the real Canadians that made the country to what it is today and it's all government doing before they give a house or car or anything that they get the immigrants get if you're standing alongside of one peppermint will give it to the immigrant faster than what they'll give to a real Canadian they're more or less told to sleep on the streets and eat out of garbage bins because he's immigrants deserve nothing but the best in our country we have to show them that they are welcomed no they're not welcome anymore Canadian should come first not somebody that came in on a boat or an airplane from another country and overseas it's a government can't look after their own then they shouldn't be in the government because our prime minister is supposed to be protecting the real Canadians not the ones that are coming in over our borders I wonder if that's ever going to change probably not because they still need these foreigners votes just stay in the position where they're at Canada has become a very undeveloped country now in Canada has been put into a lot of danger due to the terrorism that's in our country from the people that they bought in our country from overseas I mean just look at all the protesting from the palestines and Hamas people what they've done so far to Canada we see it on the news just about every day ask for their rights anyways I can keep going on but it's not worth my time tomorrow is never promised it's just that I know Canada is sinking and sinking fast due to our government and their policies but when it sinks do you think the government's going to stand on board and go down with the ship nope I'll be in another country safe and sound

Trump is doing all these crazy things but he is forgetting one HUGE thing. Canada & many other countries are Allies of America & while he's talking about tariffs & goodness knows what (I did watch his talk in Congress), at least respect your Allies. Trump is sleeping with the enemy & in all my years, I've never seen an American President turn on their Allies like this. He is a dangerous man for all the wrong reasons. I feel badly for the American people whom will be stuck between a rock & a hard place. I feel for the Canadian's whom don't deserve this. Trudeau speaks so genuinely & politely where Trump yells 'this is the way things will be'. \nI don't look forward to the next 4 years & many in my country (Australia) have said they won't even go to America while Trump is in Office. We have always loved Canada. We 'gather at Whistler' then go travel. Great country. Much love from your Aussie mates ❤❤

Dangerous times we are living in I am not a fan of benign in bad terms with my neighbors trump. Exclude CANADA FROM TARIFF

Trump is isolating his friends of the world like Mexico, China and Canada and kissing Putins arse . People this could lead to some idiot pushing some buttons like that idiot in Korea or Russia . Japan is in danger as well as the Ukraine . The USA used to fight for democracy and now trump wants the Ukraine to surrender to Putin .

The fentanyl BS from Trump is so insulting. The US wastes insane amount of time and money catching and jailing LSD, weed, and shrooms users and acts like Canada's dedicated focus on dangerous hard drugs isn't good enough. He should mind his stupid war on harmless drugs instead of attacking people tackling the truly dangerous ones

Hello Canada from Denmark. I am sad to see the unfair way the US is treating your country, and I am sure it will soon come to Europe too. But it will also hurt the Americans, that is for sure. It is sad because many of us have always been pro-America. But it should not be like that anymore, and believe me it will get worse. The Americans have elected a mad man with no scruples to dictate their country and we must find others to do business with instead, because it is too dangerous that America has all that power

I do not blame Canada from reacting one bit. Wish we had someone who stands up for & defends our country like Justin Trudeau does for Canada. dumb donald has put this country in great danger. ??

Well, when one of the worlds famous American billionaire's ( Warren Buffet) TELLS YOU that tariffs are an act of war, perhaps you should listen. Trump is going to send millitary aid to Russia, and ask for Russian aid to annex Canada. USA- your sons and daughters are in danger.

Sadly the plan for Russia ?? and China ?? it’s going well , Division among America's allies , Dividing America's allies and igniting hatred between them is what America's and Europe's enemies, China, Russia and North Korea, want. This is exactly what they want to eliminate America, which is America's isolation from its allies, Canada and Europe, for the success of the plan of China, Russia and North Korea, America is in danger, gentlemen. Making its allies like Canada and Europe abandon it will push America to confront Iran, China, Russia and North Korea alone. This is a hellish plan by China, Russia, Iran and North Korea. America is finished. Trump is a businessman, not a politician. We want to unite America's allies, not divide them. Trump will lead us Americans to hell.???????????????

Sadly the plan for Russia ?? and China ?? it’s going well , Division among America's allies , Dividing America's allies and igniting hatred between them is what America's and Europe's enemies, China, Russia and North Korea, want. This is exactly what they want to eliminate America, which is America's isolation from its allies, Canada and Europe, for the success of the plan of China, Russia and North Korea, America is in danger, gentlemen. Making its allies like Canada and Europe abandon it will push America to confront Iran, China, Russia and North Korea alone. This is a hellish plan by China, Russia, Iran and North Korea. America is finished. Trump is a businessman, not a politician. We want to unite America's allies, not divide them. Trump will lead us Americans to hell.???????????????

Why is Canada calling USA a friend? Listen to Kissinger will you?: To be a foe of USA may be dangerous, but to be a friend is fatal.

This is BEYOND enraging and embarrassing as an American. Trump is the biggest danger to the world and world peace! Millions of us Americans support you Canada and Ukraine! And Trumps supporters sure are quiet about those supposed “cheap eggs” here comes the disastrous tariffs!

Donald Trump Elon Musk And JD Vance Are Putting Our Country In Big Danger They Don’t Care About Us It’s All About Money And It’s So Sad ? I Commend Canada For Standing Up For They Country Lord Knows We Need Someone Like You And PM Zelensky!?

Trudeau’s just as dangerous for Canada and so is his liberal party. Carbon tax Carney and the rest of the libtards can do one! Trudeau’s liberals and the NDP are the ones who tried to legalize hard drugs and made BC a pilot project, losing thousands of lives to the poison! Pierre for PM!!

GOOD ? DAY ? MATE! This is What the United ?? State's, Canada ?? and The Rest of the Free ? World get When Two Of the Biggest Narcissistic Tryant's Get Voted ? into Poeer and Control. Instability and Danger to Our National Security for Our Country ?? Canada ?? and Rest of the Free ? World. Higher Price's For All! All of the Populous Who ? Voted For These Two Narcissistic Tryant's Dictator Trump and Elon Musk. I Hope Y'all Are Happy Now! I Applaud ? Y'all! Make America ?? Weak and Isolated From the Rest of the Free ? World. Dictator Donald Trump is Just Another One of Vladimir Putin's Puppet's!

I am annoyed with CNN for turning this into a WAFFLE Soapy...At Last Trudeau has grown BALLS and he was presenting a Polite, Rational, Understandable, Logical, Factual explanation NOT only to AMERICA BUT more so to Canada and the World that Trump is NOT actually a SMART man but rather a deranged and dangerous illiterate with NO interest other than HIS EGO...SO CNN in your wisdom you ignored Trudeau's replies to questions from the press and gave oxygen to your WAFFLE MONGERS LIGHT WEIGHT comments.\n I have never been a supporter of wishy washy Trudeau....until this polite and measured presentation by him which was brilliant as an Educational tool not only for the American People BUT also for ALL of those ALLIES in the FREE World that TRUMP has absolutely NO RESPECT for and has been singularly responsible for the FREE World ALLIES to seriously rethink their allegiances with Chaotic America due to Donald's apparently Love affair with Putin as a fellow Dictator.\n America listen up.... The U.K./Europe are cranking up their home based on their door step DEFENSE INDUSTRIES etc which will be GREAT for Europe.... BUT not so GREAT for America''s employment going SOUTH.\n I was born in 1936 in the U.K. and have first hand experience of the TORTURE Ukraine is experiencing as the RESULT of Putin INVADING Ukraine....Donald and his Attack dog Vance are dangerous illiterates.

Americans love Canada and we are angered by Trump’s actions that we and are allies are fated to deal with for the next 4 years. Our democracy is in danger and please know that we are working to combat actions by Trump and his cronies! ❤️

???Now the USA is not a reliable country nor a reliable seller, so Trump is destroying his own country. Besides this crazy tax-tariff thing, now the whole world has seen that Trump has removed the military aid to Ukraine... so the whole world has seen that if you buy weapons to the USA or you use them, the USA will extort you or leave you stranded even in dangerous situations. So now NOBODY is going to buy weapons to the USA, and considering that the American economy massively relies on its military industry, this can cause a huge collapse. Other countries and other markets will step up and take the position of the USA in the market and the world, because other countries are reliable, especially those in Europe and Canada, and the USA is not.

So happy America force Canada to swallow this bitter pill. Remember this: to be America's enemy is danger. To be America's allies is fatal?

Now you Canada knows to be Americas enemy is danger but to be America's allies is fatal. Am very glad that America force Canada to swallow this bitter pill?. Thank you America????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????