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I am not even Canadian, although I have visited many times and enjoyed their hospitality. Nothing pisses me off more than the entitled, disgruntled immigrant. Your country sucks because of the people who live there. We are not here to make your life better or conform to your ways. You showed up in a developed nation and did none of the work that it took to develop said nation. Shedded no blood or sweat that it took to create. Instead of working to make your nation better, you give up and leave. We in the West are EXPECTED to let you in. If our nations fall, where are WE to go? Screw all of you entitled bitches. Why we give our money to your countries is beyond me. An incredible waste.

I am a Canadian citizen and have been living in Saskatoon for 4 years, but I still don't have a family doctor. Last time I went to a clinic and tried to register for a family doctor. A receptionist told me that the doctor in my neighbourhood didn't accept any new patients. This is ridiculous if a Canadian who lives in the neigbourhood has to go several KM away to meet a family doctor.

Everybody is complaining. Unfortunately Canada is going down. Government fucked everything. They keep bringing immigrants at the same time they can’t afford to take care of them. No money, house or medical services. Of course the country will get fucked. I’m sure most of the refugees if they don’t have wars in their countries they won’t stay in Canada. Canadian government have to find solutions soon or later otherwise it can’t go like this.

40 year old student ? .i sponsor my niece from Vietnam .the school here accepted her .the Canadian government in Vietnam first they said she doesn't have enough money to go to school. My company and i said we will paid verything for her .then she apply again .this time they said when she finished school she not going back to Vietnam .what the hell ? I see alot of peoples at the bus station i alot everywhere you go city and city. Iam i right ?

These probably happened but your vid is creating fear and not informative. Canada is a welcoming country, and visa officers are trained to be friendly and not aggressive. As soon as you land in Canada, get your information straight. Know why you are here, where you will be staying and for how long. Do not approach the border officers with fear or panic as this video is trying to make you feel.Canada doesn’t just set people aside for deportation at the airport. Once you land in Canada you are protected by Canadian law and international law on immigrants . A visa officer will not warn you of overstaying your visa (if you overstay you won’t be granted visa next time) no officer will tell you that. That’s not their job. People can be set aside for proper screening or scrutiny but that doesn’t mean they are being set aside for deportation. Deportation has a procedure and it’s a costly process even for the Canadian government.These are assumptions. You are exaggerating! Don’t be afraid people, Canada is a beautiful and welcoming country. Information on your application has to match information you give in your questioning. If they don’t match then suspicion is aroused.Even if it doesn’t , they are so many explanations you can give as to why ( stress, airsick,tired, confused ,hungry cus of the long flight) officers will give you time to cool off and come to you later. If it gets to the worst, invoke your rights as an international immigrant and ask for entry to Canada being a safe country as a refugee claimant . Officers can’t deport you if you claim asylum at the border, they have to follow due process and your case must be heard by a judge. Create information, not fear!

It used to be easier to live here. Housing costs doubled in even the past 5 years. Everyone who has lived here for a long time who are not immigrants are facing similar barriers. The landscape here changed so radically that communities feel colder since everyone is forced to leave their community every time they have to move and everyone they know is now an hour away.\n\nCanada is still wonderful in many ways, but inner city life harder, colder and more expensive. \n\nThe amount international students are told they need is based on Canadian averages and not the inner city of Toronto and so many are met with shock and difficulty. \n\nAlthough, locals are not entirely sure why people came expecting things to be easier at the same time struggle was already happening. The policy makers come from rich classes and are very disconnected.

They take all of our Canadian kids part time jobs and they should go home and go to school in their own country.

When ur in other countries as a immigrant or ur basically a guest so follow the country law that ur immigrant in I feel like even tho I am from India live in Canada since 2014 I feel like I have to follow the rule of Canada I mean I am Canadian citizen now but still I can do my culture things too but at same time when other countries says no knifes in any public places or guns without any license even tho it’s part of ur religion it’s the rule u need to follow ur culture doesn’t work in other countries only work if it’s safe otherwise there nothing much u can do. My favourite festival from my country is Diwali and when I am in Canada i don’t use dangerous firework I only use smaller fire worker but I don’t use rockets and etc that can cause fires bec I am in Canada doesn’t mean I have don’t have to follow their laws laws r meant to keep people safe so i feel like the cop is on the right bec he doing his duty and following his own country law

i am canadian and would vote for trump....have to say the first time i was laughing but not now...I feel like he was alot better for america then biden ever was...

@everyone\n Well what do you Canadians do for living? Agriculture? Nope..because half of the time in a year your land is covered with ice..so how do you survive without food in winter? basically you guys sell your things and services to other countries and survive on that..being the second largest consumer in the world..we indians are adding values to your GDP from years..and the facilities you are shouting after the most, the free food, the free shelter, the free dentist provided by your country is earned by your country from other countries..but do we survive on your products and services? No we can produce it in our own country like China does..all greatest brains are here in india as 20% of the world’s living in india..if you guys continue to behave like this with indians we will surely do that movement..can’t we produce our own food in our country? Yes we can..our land is not covered with ice like yours and we also have good man power..so now you give a really good shake to your head and ask yourself why your country is keep allowing immigrants from different countries..why don’t they ban immigrants from other countries and survive on ice in winter..tell your country to ban indians..it will not take even a day that india will ban all of you and all your products in our country..and start producing on its own..can you produce things you are importing from others? No..but we can..can you survive without exporting? No ..but we can..the greatest Indian philosophy is “Live and let others live” This is the reason we dont want to snatch away other’s way of living and leave them to die in hunger..otherwise we have all the manpower of the world and all the resources in our own country to do our own things..so respect people who are serving your country from other countries and adding value to your GDP..like they are dependent on you for something, you are also dependent on them for other things..that’s the reason your country is not messing with them..you are earning from international students by selling education to them and still complaining about them..then why don’t you ban them and survive on ice..remember india can live without other countries but other countries can’t live without each other..your country is allowing immigrants for a reason and you better understand what is that….You are right because of our never ending resources we are not facing any recession like you are facing right now..you better compare your country’s economy growth graph with india’s economy growth graph then speak about weather the same train is carrying 5 million people in our country or 5 million people of our country are carrying the responsibility of your country’s economy growth..and also analyse how much money your country has borrowed from whom and when then will be able to return it..neither you have resources nor man power..that’s why you added immigrants in your population..they added value to your GDP..still speaking ill about them..horrible hypocrite people first they need you and then will try to use and throw..first you invite international students to your program then take fees from them and then tell them to leave the country..wow..the quality of living you are very proud of shows your weakness..no skills except sarcasm..no work other than drug addiction..

I would never move to the US. Not on your life. Your statement that one can get healthcare for several hundred a month is ludicrous. Most Canadians don't have to pay anything, except their taxes, which are not higher than most Americans pay. And the huge costs of healthcare pop up at the worst time, when you're really sick. But that isn't the only reason. I loathe American politics. I loathe the American tendency to brag about how great they are. We Candians are not the greatest country on Earth. We can take advice from other countries. Americans tend to go on bragging and insisting their way is best long after they've been proven to be wrong.

Can you ask each international student or immigrant you see on the street how much they paid the canadian government to come there? I'd probs say $30k/person (forms, medical or probs tuition). Canadian government is collecting $30k/per immigrant basically + cheap part-time labour but seems like it doesn't benefit the canadians. Only politicians getting richer. You should point your lens at the corrupt government that keeps allowing this to collect $$$ despite all negative points you brought up in the video.

BS. Not a perfect time to move to Canada. ?? OVER TAXED, high food costs, high gas prices, VERY HIGH HOUSING PLUS SHORTAGE. \n\nCarbon tax , GST, PST, land tax , Canada is OVER TAXED!! Payroll tax , corporate tax, taxed on inheritance, taxed on sales of homes ? LIBERAL GOVERNMENT OVER TAXED CANADIANS. Higher interest rates! Country has had a dictatorship government. Don’t move to Canada!!??

BS. Not a perfect time to move to Canada. ?? OVER TAXED, high food costs, high gas prices, VERY HIGH HOUSING PLUS SHORTAGE. \n\nCarbon tax , GST, PST, land tax , Canada is OVER TAXED!! Payroll tax , corporate tax, taxed on inheritance, taxed on sales of homes ? LIBERAL GOVERNMENT OVER TAXED CANADIANS. Higher interest rates! Country has had a dictatorship government. Don’t move to Canada!!??

When population of migrants is more then 20% it's time to get concerned but when 80% is migrants its call invasion. Canadian government is responsible for this sh**t...

As a hindi speaking Indian I.T. professional, I don't understand why Punjabis, Gujaratis, and Tamil Indians are always dying to move to Canada? I lived in Canada and didn't find Canada all that great. I'd say America is a far better country than Canada. I guess it's mostly blue collar immigrants who are desperate to move to Canada, live with 6+ adults and don't mind dealing with racist disrespectful Canadians. It's funny this guy is making YouTube videos with a title Time to Leave. It's the Canadian governments who has been desperately bringing blue collar immigrants from all over the world for the past 30 years. It's not only Liberals. Cons brought 400K each year too. Canadian economy is dependent on housing and bringing immigrants. Canadian Colleges, unionized employees, and unions LOVE bringing International students from India so they can enjoy those luxury wages and benefits. Blame the Canadian Colleges and those unionized White management who hold events in India. The fact of the matter is this YouTuber is another frustrated whining Canadian who has NO power or authority but loves to whine. His opinions are just opinions and will not change anything. Canadians with power will continue bringing 3rd world immigrants and students. Lmao

Dated a chick in Toronto who was from Romania. She didn’t even get her Canadian citizenship yet. Only having the residency of Canada. I tried to get her to come to America so many times and try to show her that things aren’t as bad as what you’ve probably heard in Romania/ Canada. I even was willing to move over her parents. The father is an hardworking immigrant and her mother doesn’t work. I told her the economics and she just didn’t get it. I shared her my vision, getting married etc she just didn’t get it. Smh, I truly hope Canada figures their shit out for the sake of people like them.

?? what happened you can make Khalistan with this bunch of fools that you have next time when you are going to have a khalistani referendum you on educated white canadians you should go for this?? when you take this people's money that's not a problem but when they ask for a separate country elsewhere that's not a problem but now that elections are coming and you know Justin trudeau is going to lose so what is it going what is he going to do blame India??? Justin trudeau deserves Canada Canada deserves Justin trudeau Khalistan deserves Canada Canada deserves Khalistan

All immigrants must comply with Canadian laws. Failure to do so should face the consequences of deportation. There should be no excuses. Wow how many lives were lost and families scarred for life and this man has rights to keep fighting to stay in Canada. It is time Canada moved more central politically and demand the respect of every immigrant. Follow Australias lead. If you were not invited then live within the country' rules or leave. Too many arrivals are deally just scamming born Canadians of all cultures. Time to wake up Canada...

I’m a Canadian truck driver. It’s time to teach these drivers from any other country that we do have laws here. I get passed by trucks being operated by people from his country all the time in most unsafe manner. Often on hilly roads with curves and blind spots. They pull up beside you and then motion to you to slow down so they can complete the take over. How ever in the Humboldt accident I believe it was a matter of not paying attention. But blamed on sunlight blinding the driver. What ever the case was laws are laws. They are there for a reason.

The shame on the Canadian justice system for taking this long to make this move. Think how the families feel having this over their heads for this amount of time. I have no faith in the Canadian Government or Justice system, this is a broken country that puts offenders first with no regard for victims.

Send him packing, Canadian roads have become a nightmare with these foreign drivers. Say what you want but just look and see who is driving next time you see a transport in the ditch or involved in a collision..

Guys , how about citizens of Canada who drink and drive and killed innocent people. Only a two years jail time etc . Because he is a landed immigrant doesn’t mean he should been deported he did his time that was needed . Let the system decide . He is human we all not perfect . Let’s be fair and honest if he was a Canadian citizen no one would say deport him . Everyone needs a second chance of life .

Global News is trying very hard to turn this deportation into re-casting a convicted criminal as an oppressed victim. Why? \nSidhu was not and is not a Canadian citizen. Conviction = deportation. But put that question aside for a moment. Was Sidhu trained, licensed, experienced and knowledgeable about driving a heavy vehicle on a highway across the Prairies in winter conditions? If so, where did he get that training and experience? Did he have the qualifications for a Class 1 Operator's License? Did he have prior experience? If so, where, when, and how much? \nGlobal News doesn't focus on what caused the deaths of the Humboldt Broncos - why? Accounts at the time suggested that Sidhu was not qualified, but that by some process he got the job anyway. Will Global be following up on that? Up to now, Global has not asked those questions. Sidhu was convicted for actions resulting in the Humboldt Broncos tragedy. He is not a Canadian citizen and the rules are clear: his criminal conviction means he's being deported. Unlike Global News, the victims I see in this story are the families of the Humboldt Broncos team, and the team members themselves. Global News want to change criminal to innocent victim. Nothing could be further from the truth. He was given a fair trial, convicted and sentenced. Now he is being deported. If Global wish to play the 'reverse the story' game, perhaps they should refuse Canadian citizens' tax dollars as 'revenue'.

Canadian Government lured them with the immigration policy to collect huge amount of money as a college fee. After they spend such a huge amount of money and time to go through the process, you are telling them to go back. It’s not fair. You can implement the rules for the future but not for the one who already crossed 80% process…. These students need justice. \nNOTE: This country is built by the immigrants starting from British till Africans. Everyone has the equal right here. Except the native people, every other person in this country has an ancestral origin from outside of Canada including the admin of this video.

Dude made a mistake!!! He had paid the price in Canadian jail…. The man killed those kids it was tragic…. Should he be deported I don’t think so!!!!! He’s got to live with himself for the rest of his life weather here or in India ! But why didn’t the company owner get time? For putting inexperienced driver behind the wheel ? However going by Canadian law the man didn’t have his citizenship so based on rules alone he needs to go home….

Cmon lol let's not pretend these students didn't know they were getting a worthless piece of paper from Canadian diploma mills just to scam their way into Canadian citizenship. Sorry but our country is full, we don't need anymore fast food workers, security guards, and uber drivers. You got your education and now it's time to go back to India.

If he was deported because he was driving without a license or driving dangerously, I would agree to that, but if it was a mistake, I feel like this is a bit harsh. At the same time, I am puzzled at why the government deports this kind of an incident, while Hamas supporters are allowed to stay on Canadian soil?

Thanks to us true Canadian's are sending you all back..give us time

This should not have lasted as long as it did. He's not a canadian, so it's time to go back. And what's crazy is there talking about how he suffered a lot and what do you think about the families he ripped apart

Now time to deport Trudeau and Freeland who have ruined millions of Canadians lives.

Deporting this man is not going to address the problem. While not sounding politically correct, many many of these new Canadians who are driving trucks either don’t know the driving rules here, or don’t care. Just drive on highway 1 and watch. They need better training or we need more police on the roads to stop the poor drivers. I can’t count how many times I’ve been following a truck with two 53’ trailers and it’s all over the road and if you’re brave enough to pass you can see the drivers on the phone more than looking ahead.

Most Canadians (yes, even non-religious ones) do not like Drag Queen Story Time or the disasterous public policies. Good call leaving! Good luck to you.

Andnext time can you put like a better poutine picture because it looks like salad but it’s okay like this but when people see this picture it looks like salad but don’t take this a a bad comment it’s just to show you that because i am Canadian i think the picture of this poutine can be better but ur vid is amazing man!

rise of khalistan is the downfall of Canada. time is ticking Canadians, get yo country back..... get these people out and Trudeau out

I’m one of those new immigrants, originally from China. I’d like to share my point of view on this subject. For immigrants, sometimes the number one reason to move to another country is the harshness of their home country. In my case, China is not a pleasant place to live - everywhere is overcrowded, housing is insanely expensive, and job opportunities are mostly concentrated on big cities. So, if a young person like myself stayed in China, my only option to make a living is to join the rat race with another million people, work 60 hours a week, all for a 2-bedroom apartment. The minimum wage in China is the equivalent of $4 Canada dollars per hour. I don’t earn the minimum wage, but this should tell you how underpaid workers are over there. I’m ok with working hard and I have worked hard my entire life, got two degrees before 25 while studying as a non-English speaker, but I can’t bear the thought of not being fairly compensated for my work. In a freer and more transparent society, at least worker’s rights are protected. I could have chosen other countries to migrate to, but Canada seemed to have the fastest processing time and highest chance of accepting at the time, so I took the opportunity. I’m sorry for the Canadians who got caught up in a poorly managed immigration system. All I am saying is, if you are in my shoes, you would rather take this chance to move here - this could be the one of a lifetime window of opportunity.

Canadian education system is trap for international students and its good for nothing. Did you check how good and refine US education system is? \n\nBest bet: deport them and refund their fees. Coz those 1st floor colleges diplomas are good for nothing. Most or these colleges students are either trucker or fast food restaurants servers. \n\nYou never raised a voice whenCanadian govt charge them 4 times what you think domestic ppl had paid.

This is too much all at once ...Canada knew it had a shrinking aging population last century..plenty of time to have a gradual tapered immigration. Having too many come in at the same time is just plain dumb when the country was not ready with all social services and housing . Honestly as a life long Canadian if I can find a better place to live I will move there...never thought I would say that.

Being an Indian immigrant myself (now a citizen), this is absurd. There's rules to follow. There's 3 problems as I see:\n1) The structure of the Canadian economy - heavily dependent on services, natural resources and real estate. Due to this Education has become a business. Colleges, Universities & Diploma Mills are more than happy to admit international students who pay 3 times the normal fees. \n2) Lack of a screening process - not taking in immigrants based on skill and education.\n3) Taking in too many immigrants from 1 ethnicity & region - the Indian state of Punjab, a region suffering from drug epidemic, alcoholism and crime. Not sure why you'd want low quality immigrants. If you notice all the protestors here are Punjabis. Canadian immigration is business in Punjab. Many immigration consultants here in Canada are Punjabis and have business links back home.

Blaming our self serving politicians won't help till good old Canadian wake up & stop being indifferent or staying silent, as your kids would pay BIG TIME, believe me!!! So if u do not hv any backbones left to push back for yourselves, what about doing it for your kids???

I lived in Canada for almost 34 years, Brampton is not Canada, I'm not against immigrants, but man... the last time I checked, I live in Canada not India, including the Canadian culture is gone!

Immigration is fine. This rushed version is leaving Canadians and even immigrants from previous governments furious. Drowning our culture for a quick fix. Worst government of all time.

No non Canadian citizens should be protesting in this country. Most of them are not here for education. They want jobs and our employers hire them because they are cheap labour. I'm not against immigration, but at one time, you were allowed status if you had a job waiting for you. The whole student study scheme is a scam!!!\nMake Canadians wait for 20 minutes at Tim Horton's!! Good luck with that! They will fire your ass out the door. Pierre Polievre says they are only doing what the government allows them to do.\nThe government has lost control of immigration. Another example of why Canada is broken.

If you're not a Canadian citizen you have no right to ask/demand anything from Canada. Time to leave.\nCome here legally with job skills and you're welcome but we don't need any more freeloaders or minimum wage earners with no skills.

work in the secondary sector when it comes to exams I made a head count all Indian students not one true Canadian there is a problem we have problems with poverty it's time we concentrate on are own jobs are Sponge up have you seen how they look for work it's in groups an every time I get a resume it's east Indian not indigenous not white not black not any other cultures see the issue it's one culture not even native to are land they failed to realize they are guests not Canadians time to stop the handouts to people who abuse are systems

I agree, it's time for them to leave. Their not here to study or to do good for Canada but to work against us as they don't respect Canadian's or our Culture.

I was an international Student....15 years ago. I paid about 30k in tuition A YEAR.. I was NOT allowed to work off campus, i was allowed to work ON campus for a maximum of 10 hours A WEEK...in order for me to maintain my Visa status i had to maintain a GPA over 3.5 AND i had to be enrolled in an accredited institution. Our international student department had a quota of how many students they could recruit from every country... Rent was affordable, jobs were aplenty and when it came time for an Internship companies would come do hiring fairs and fight to get students to want to work for them. Now they get about 60k applicants a year that are willing to work for free and taking away from actual citizens.\nAfter 8 years of working and grinding and stressing i earned the right to get a Permanent residence...i had to commit 3 years out of 5 to stay here and work here and pay taxes for me to become a Canadian ...it was the proudest day of my life. I was filled with a sense of achievement that has been shat on by these students. \nIf you or anyone would actually like to talk about how it should be feel free to reach out.\nI will tell you this for free...if a Canadian Citizen did this in my country .. they'd be on the first flight home.

The balls on these people. They need to leave the country when they are supposed to legally do so. Canada and actual Canadians should take a stand on this and don’t back down. I do not drink coffee or eat fast food. So I have no need for these people. Get your education and get out. I am an immigrant that came to Canada legally. No one bent the rules for me nor for people whom I have met here that are also immigrants all legally from several different nations in Europe as well as Caribbean and South American. All actually hold decent paying jobs nurses, engineers business owners ect. They work hard to make a life for themselves and their families to become successful Canadians. Send all these students back when their time is up. If not it’s only going to cost Canadians and immigrants that contribute and wish to be Law abiding Canadians that do more than serve food and coffee.

Canada is for Canadians ??, it's time we push back against Punjabi ?? and the Khalistan. We need an outright stop to all forms of imagination, including refugees. Hard cap if not outright ban on immigration from India. It's time for young Canadians to stand up for their god-given rights!\n\nThe movement needs to start NOW! You have the platform. Let us petition, stand in the streets, and push back against cultures that do not align with ours. The commonwealth is not theirs to be taken!

Some of the stats cited here are straight up wrong or... creatively employed, and there's a lot of contradictory information and the typical conservative 'the sky is falling' sensationalism and misattribution. That said, the bas supposition isn't wrong. The bubble we've been sitting on for 20 or so years has completely burst. As someone born and raised in the Toronto area, it's impossible for me to afford to own a house or apartment here on a teacher's salary. Even rent pushes me to the limit unless I want to live in a... less than nice area. I'm living hand to mouth and enjoying the benefits of living in a 'developed' country less. Here's why:\n\n1. Wages aren't really even close to keeping up with the cost of living. The first tick upwards a bit. The second just keeps rising on the back of housing, food, amenities, and inflation: the four horsemen.\n\n2. Our grocery cabal ruthlessly raise prices whenever we look away, and their lobbyists are all ensconced within the leadership of our three major parties, particularly the Conservatives (so if anyone thinks that electing them will help, they're in for a nasty surprise).\n\n3. We're experiencing 'labour shrinkflation': increasing duties are downloaded onto workers and more is expected: more productivity, more availability (almost 24/7 in some jobs), and higher qualifications. Meanwhile, real wages are decreasing relative to living cost, more positions are 'contract', which is basically a way for employers to not have to give you benefits, and job security is tenuous for a lot of people.\n\n4. Houses are being bought by investors and not owners. Foreign entities are money laundering. The wealthy upper crust of high population countries are moving here and buying property because Canada is (still) more safe and stable and less repressive than their home countries in most cases. \n\n5. There's a cycle beginning: as people are squeezed and forced to spend more on 'needs', they spend less on eating out, entertainment, and other 'wants'. These are significant drivers of the service economy and they're being hit hard. So, what can they do? They can let go of workers or lower product costs to remain profitable, but they their quality declines and, in a market where people are pinching every penny and looking for quality for their dollar, they're less likely to go back. They can raise their prices, of course, but then they price people out completely and their profits still tank. I went to a decent steakhouse for my dad's 60th last week. I can't remember the last time that I went to one before that. \n\n6. Our politicians and news cycles focus on the most niche and irrelevant stuff because it'll stoke anger and get tongues wagging. This carbon thing is almost a non-issue, but our conservative leader is harping on about it like it's singlehandedly the death of the Canadian economy when it's a drop in the bucket. Trudeau focuses on 'equity' measures, hoping for a bit of cheap good press, while his efforts are, for the most part, just window dressing and the issues, while meaningful, are often not of paramount importance or even applicable to the vast majority of the people who elected him. Meanwhile, the middle class is pretty much evaporating as he speaks. The NDP keep talking about this in a pretty real way, for what it's worth, but Jagmeet Singh is giving off an increasing vibe of just being another fat cat politician beneath his rhetoric these days. Also, third-party trolls and screeching conservatives try to bury him on social media whenever he speaks... a lot more than other leaders as well, oddly. I wonder why? Oh yeah, the Greens exist and there's Quebec and the conspiracy theory party.\n\n\nUltimately, what we're experiencing is the revenge of the feudal system. Instead of paying rents to your lord and doing labour on the land for him whenever commanded to, you pay rent to your landlord now and go to work even when you're sick or when work hours are over because you have no union protection or are working 'on contract'. Unless we want to live in the armpit of nowhere, 95% of us are going to be wage slaves living hand-to-mouth, not owning our own property, and working to please our corporate overlords if current trends continue unchecked. While some of Canada's problems are unique, I fear that most aren't. As for me, I'm headed to the 'armpit of nowhere' where I can at least have a ghost of a chance of affording life.